Changing climate patterns have increased drought occurrences and their intensity in Somalia, diminishing essential water sources and grazing lands necessary for pastoralist communities in recent years. Consequently, livestock keepers have experienced substantial animal losses, leading to reduced family earnings, heightened food shortages, and compelled migration to find assistance.

The nation has likewise faced persistent and fatal clashes between clans, mainly involving nomadic groups vying for limited water and grazing territories. These hostilities have triggered mass population movements, with approximately 250,000 individuals abandoning their residences during 2024.

This analysis investigates the principal factors behind these tensions and suggests practical, region-appropriate measures to enhance peace initiatives in Mudug and throughout Somalia.