In a landmark advisory opinion issued this month, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that countries have legal obligations to curb greenhouse gas emissions and protect vulnerable populations from the adverse effects of climate change. The ruling, though non-binding, sets a powerful legal and moral precedent—and for climate-fragile countries like Somalia, it could be transformative.

Somalia, which ranks among the most climate-vulnerable nations in the world, is grappling with intensified droughts, floods, and displacement. Experts say the ICJ’s opinion strengthens the case for small and developing states seeking climate justice, including access to financing and protection under international law.

The ruling affirms that failure to act on climate change may constitute a breach of international human rights law. For Somalia, this could support demands for compensation or legal redress from major polluters whose emissions have driven environmental degradation across the Horn of Africa.

While the ICJ ruling does not impose penalties, it will likely influence future cases and guide global climate negotiations, including those at COP29. For Somalia, it may help shift the conversation from vulnerability to rights, resilience, and responsibility—paving the way for a fairer climate future.